Betsy Apple was a Visiting Fellow at the Centre for Fundamental Rights from September to December 2019. She is the Advocacy Director and Head of the Rule of Law Division at the Open Society Justice Initiative, where she leads all legal advocacy across the organisations’ thematic work (including anti-corruption, citizenship and statelessness, international justice and national security), and sits on the senior management team. Her prior positions include: Legal Director, AIDS-Free World; Director, Crimes Against Humanity Programme, Human Rights First; Legal and Women’s Rights Director, EarthRights International; Legal Aid Lawyer; and Litigation Associate at a private firm. She is an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs, where she has taught international human rights law for the past nine years, and has been a Fellow at Harvard Law School (Wasserstein fellowship) and Seattle University Law School.